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Version Three (01/31/09)
1. Added comment to explain why folks need to use s3+ and not s3: for Amazon buckets
2. Used "unset" to remove the variables at end of the script
3. Fixed a problem when the backup folder on S3 was nested inside another bucket
4. Changed the PASSPHRASE field to default to the actual passphrase, so one can easily backup the entire script and not have to worry about the passphrase.
5. Added --backup-this-script option which will turn the script and the secret key into an encrypted tarball that can be kept somewhere safe for easy restores if the machine goes down.
6. Cleaned up the get_file_size function so it wouldn't run when it wasn't supposed to.
Version Two (12/03/08)
1. added GPL license
2. changed the cleanup feature to automatically force a full backup after (n) number of days as well as automatically cleanup after (n) number of days
3. added option to force cleanup after (n) number of full backups (rather than by days)
4. option to changed log file ownership
5. runtime checks for installed required software and write permissions on log directory
6. fixed formatting of logfile to be a little more consistent
7. setup everything in clever functions
Version One (11/24/08)
1. Initial release.

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#!/bin/bash
#
# Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Damon Timm.
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Version 3 - Jan 31 2009
# Incremental Encrypted Backups with Duplicity and Amazon S3
#
# This bash script was designed to automate and simplify the remote backup
# process using duplicity and Amazon S3. Hopefully, after the script is
# configured, you can easily backup, restore, verify and clean without
# having to remember lots of different command options.
#
# Furthermore, you can even automate the process of saving your script
# and the gpg key for your backups in a single password-protected file --
# this way, you know you have everything you need for a restore,
# in case your machine goes down.
#
# You can run the script from cron with no command-line options
# (all options set in the script itself); however, you can also run it
# outside of the cron with some variables for more control.
#
# --full: forces a full backup (instead of waiting specified number of days
# --verify: verifies the backup (no cleanup is run)
# --restore: restores the backup to the directory specified in the script
# --backup-this-script: let's you backup the script and secret key to the
# current working directory.
#
# See more info about the script online at:
# blog.damontimm.com/bash-script-incremental-encrypted-backups-duplicity-amazon-s3/
# TO DO:
# - allow command line restore options (specific files, etc)
# - allow command line cleanup options (# of days [30D] or full backups [2])
# - allow restore to specific path from the command line
# AMAZON S3 INFORMATION
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="<FOOBAR>"
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="<FOOBAR>"
# GPG PASSPHRASE & GPG KEY (Automatic/Cron Usage)
# If you aren't running this from a cron, comment this line out
# and duplicity should prompt you for your password.
# I put my GPG passphrase in a text file at
# ~/.gnupg/.gpg-passphrase and chmod it 0600.
export PASSPHRASE="<FOOBAR>"
GPG_KEY="<FOOBAR>"
# The ROOT of your backup (where you want the backup to start);
# This can be / or somwhere else -- I use /home/ because all the
# directories start with /home/ that I want to backup.
ROOT="/home/"
# BACKUP DESTINATION INFORMATION
# In my case, I use Amazon S3 use this - so I made up a unique
# bucket name (you don't have to have one created, it will do it
# for you. If you don't want to use Amazon S3, you can backup
# to a file or any of duplicity's supported outputs.
#
# NOTE: You do need to keep the "s3+http://<your location>/" format;
# even though duplicity supports "s3://<your location>/" this script
# needs to read the former.
#DEST="file:///home/damon/new-backup-test/"
DEST="s3+http://backup-bucket/backup-folder/"
# RESTORE FOLDER
# Being ready to restore is important to me, so I have this script
# setup to easily be able to restore a backup by adding the
# "--restore" flag. Indicate where you want the fili to restore to
# here so you're ready to go.
RESTORE="/home/damon/restore-backup-01"
# INCLUDE LIST OF DIRECTORIES
# Here is a list of directories to include; if you want to include
# everything that is in root, you could leave this list empty, I think.
#INCLIST=( "/home/*/Documents" \
# "/home/*/Projects" \
# "/home/*/logs" \
# "/home/www/mysql-backups" \
# )
INCLIST=( "/home/damon/Documents/Scripts/" ) # small dir for testing
# EXCLUDE LIST OF DIRECTORIES
# Even though I am being specific about what I want to include,
# there is still a lot of stuff I don't need.
EXCLIST=( "/home/*/Trash" \
"/home/*/Projects/Completed" \
"/**.DS_Store" "/**Icon?" "/**.AppleDouble" \
)
# FULL BACKUP & REMOVE OLDER THAN SETTINGS
# Because duplicity will continue to add to each backup as you go,
# it will eventually create a very large set of files. Also, incremental
# backups leave room for problems in the chain, so doing a "full"
# backup every so often isn't not a bad idea.
#
# I set the default to do a full backup every 14 days and to remove all
# all files over 31 days old. This should leave me at least two full
# backups available at any time, as well as a month's worth of incremental
# data.
FULL_IF_OLDER_THAN="14D"
CLEAN_UP_TYPE="remove-older-than"
CLEAN_UP_VARIABLE="31D"
# If you would rather keep a certain (n) number of full backups (rather
# than removing the files based on their age), uncomment the following
# two lines and select the number of full backups you want to keep.
# CLEAN_UP_TYPE="remove-all-but-n-full"
# CLEAN_UP_VARIABLE="5"
# LOGFILE INFORMATION DIRECTORY
# Provide directory for logfile, ownership of logfile, and verbosity level.
# I run this script as root, but save the log files under my user name --
# just makes it easier for me to read them and delete them as needed.
# LOGDIR="/dev/null"
LOGDIR="/home/damon/logs/test2/"
LOG_FILE="duplicity-`date +%Y-%m-%d-%M`.txt"
LOG_FILE_OWNER="damon:damon"
VERBOSITY="-v3"
##############################################################
# Script Happens Below This Line - Shouldn't Require Editing #
##############################################################
LOGFILE="${LOGDIR}${LOG_FILE}"
DUPLICITY="$(which duplicity)"
S3CMD="$(which s3cmd)"
NO_S3CMD="WARNING: s3cmd is not installed, remote file \
size information unavailable."
NO_S3CMD_CFG="WARNING: s3cmd is not configured, run 's3cmd --configure' \
in order to retrieve remote file size information."
if [ ! -x "$DUPLICITY" ]; then
echo "ERROR: duplicity not installed, that's gotta happen first!" >&2
exit 1
elif [ `echo ${DEST} | cut -c 1,2` = "s3" ]; then
if [ ! -x "$S3CMD" ]; then
echo $NO_S3CMD; S3CMD_AVAIL=FALSE
elif [ ! -f "${HOME}/.s3cfg" ]; then
echo $NO_S3CMD_CFG; S3CMD_AVAIL=FALSE
else
S3CMD_AVAIL=TRUE
fi
fi
if [ ! -d ${LOGDIR} ]; then
echo "Attempting to create log directory ${LOGDIR} ..."
if ! mkdir -p ${LOGDIR}; then
echo "Log directory ${LOGDIR} could not be created by this user: ${USER}"
echo "Aborting..."
exit 1
else
echo "Directory ${LOGDIR} successfully created."
fi
elif [ ! -w ${LOGDIR} ]; then
echo "Log directory ${LOGDIR} is not writeable by this user: ${USER}"
echo "Aborting..."
exit 1
fi
get_source_file_size()
{
echo "---------[ Source File Size Information ]---------" >> ${LOGFILE}
for exclude in ${EXCLIST[@]}; do
DUEXCLIST="${DUEXCLIST}${exclude}\n"
done
for include in ${INCLIST[@]}
do
echo -e $DUEXCLIST | \
du -hs --exclude-from="-" ${include} | \
awk '{ print $2"\t"$1 }' \
>> ${LOGFILE}
done
echo >> ${LOGFILE}
}
get_remote_file_size()
{
echo "------[ Destination File Size Information ]------" >> ${LOGFILE}
if [ `echo ${DEST} | cut -c 1,2` = "fi" ]; then
TMPDEST=`echo ${DEST} | cut -c 6-`
SIZE=`du -hs ${TMPDEST} | awk '{print $1}'`
elif [ `echo ${DEST} | cut -c 1,2` = "s3" ] && [ -x "$S3CMD" ]; then
TMPDEST=$(echo ${DEST} | cut -c 11-)
SIZE=`s3cmd du -H s3://${TMPDEST} | awk '{print $1}'`
fi
echo "Current Remote Backup File Size: ${SIZE}" >> ${LOGFILE}
}
include_exclude()
{
for include in ${INCLIST[@]}
do
TMP=" --include="$include
INCLUDE=$INCLUDE$TMP
done
for exclude in ${EXCLIST[@]}
do
TMP=" --exclude "$exclude
EXCLUDE=$EXCLUDE$TMP
done
EXCLUDEROOT="--exclude=**"
}
duplicity_cleanup()
{
echo "-----------[ Duplicity Cleanup ]-----------" >> ${LOGFILE}
${DUPLICITY} ${CLEAN_UP_TYPE} ${CLEAN_UP_VARIABLE} --force \
--encrypt-key=${GPG_KEY} \
--sign-key=${GPG_KEY} \
${DEST} >> ${LOGFILE}
echo >> ${LOGFILE}
}
duplicity_backup()
{
${DUPLICITY} ${OPTION} ${FULL_IF_OLDER_THAN} \
${VERBOSITY} \
--encrypt-key=${GPG_KEY} \
--sign-key=${GPG_KEY} \
${EXCLUDE} \
${INCLUDE} \
${EXCLUDEROOT} \
${ROOT} ${DEST} \
>> ${LOGFILE}
}
get_file_sizes()
{
get_source_file_size
get_remote_file_size
sed -i '/-------------------------------------------------/d' ${LOGFILE}
chown ${LOG_FILE_OWNER} ${LOGFILE}
}
backup_this_script()
{
if [ `echo ${0} | cut -c 1` = "." ]; then
SCRIPTFILE=$(echo ${0} | cut -c 2-)
SCRIPTPATH=$(pwd)${SCRIPTFILE}
else
SCRIPTPATH=$(which ${0})
fi
TMPDIR=DT-S3-Backup-`date +%Y-%m-%d`
TMPFILENAME=${TMPDIR}.tar.gpg
echo "You are backing up: "
echo " 1. ${SCRIPTPATH}"
echo " 2. GPG Secret Key: $GPG_KEY"
echo "Backup will be saved: `pwd`/${TMPFILENAME}"
echo
echo ">> Are you sure you want to do that ('yes' to continue)?"
read ANSWER
if [ "$ANSWER" != "yes" ]; then
echo "You said << ${ANSWER} >> so I am exiting now."
exit 1
fi
mkdir -p ${TMPDIR}
cp $SCRIPTPATH ${TMPDIR}/
gpg -a --export-secret-keys ${GPG_KEY} > ${TMPDIR}/s3-secret.key.txt
echo
echo "Encrypting tarball, choose a password you'll remember..."
tar c ${TMPDIR} | gpg -aco ${TMPFILENAME}
rm -Rf ${TMPDIR}
echo
echo ">> To restore files, run the following (remember your password!)"
echo "gpg -d ${TMPFILENAME} | tar x"
}
if [ "$1" = "--backup-this-script" ]; then
backup_this_script
exit
elif [ "$1" = "--full" ]; then
OPTION="full"
FULL_IF_OLDER_THAN=
include_exclude
duplicity_backup
duplicity_cleanup
get_file_sizes
elif [ "$1" = "--verify" ]; then
OLDROOT=${ROOT}
ROOT=${DEST}
DEST=${OLDROOT}
OPTION="verify"
FULL_IF_OLDER_THAN=
echo "-------[ Verifying Source & Destination ]-------" >> ${LOGFILE}
include_exclude
duplicity_backup
echo >> ${LOGFILE}
get_file_sizes
elif [ "$1" = "--restore" ]; then
ROOT=$DEST
DEST=$RESTORE
FULL_IF_OLDER_THAN=
OPTION=
if [ "$2" != "yes" ]; then
echo ">> You will restore to ${DEST}"
echo ">> You can override this question by executing '--verify yes' next time"
echo "Are you sure you want to do that ('yes' to continue)?"
read ANSWER
if [ "$ANSWER" != "yes" ]; then
echo "You said << ${ANSWER} >> so I am exiting now."
exit 1
fi
echo "Restoring now ..."
fi
duplicity_backup
elif [ "$1" = "--test" ]; then
echo "This was a non-duplicity scripting test: check logfile for file sizes."
get_file_sizes
else
OPTION="--full-if-older-than"
include_exclude
duplicity_backup
duplicity_cleanup
get_file_sizes
fi
unset AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
unset AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
unset PASSPHRASE

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protocols for communication across the network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
Notices displayed by works containing it; or
c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
authors of the material; or
e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
those licensors and authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
not survive such relicensing or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
the above requirements apply either way.
8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.